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July 28




July 28 is the 209th day (210th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian
Calendar, with 156 days remaining.

Events

   * 1540 - One of the most important political figures of the reign of
     Henry VIII of England, Thomas Cromwell, is executed on order from the
     king on charges of treason. Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine
     Howard, on the same day.
   * 1794 - Maximilien Robespierre is guillotined in front of a cheering
     crowd, for sending thousands of others to a similar fate during the
     French Revolution.
   * 1821 - Peru declares independence from Spain.
   * 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Ezra Church begins - Confederate
     troops led by General John Bell Hood make a third unsuccessful attempt
     to drive Union forces under General William T. Sherman from Atlanta,
     Georgia.
   * 1866 - The Metric Act of 1866 becomes law and legalizes the
     standardization of weights and measures in the United States.
   * 1868 - The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is adopted
     guaranteeing African Americans full citizenship and all persons in the
     United States due process of law.
   * 1914 - World War I begins: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after
     it failed to meet the conditions of an ultimatum it set on July 23
     following the killing of Archduke Francis Ferdinand by a Serbian
     assassin. This event leads to the outbreak of war.
   * 1932 - US President Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to
     forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in
     Washington, DC.
   * 1943 - World War II: Operation Gomorrah - The British bomb Hamburg
     causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.
   * 1945 - A US Army bomber accidentally crashes into the 79th floor of the
     Empire State Building killing 14 injuring 26.
   * 1965 - Vietnam War: US President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order
     to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from
     75,000 to 125,000.
   * 1973 - Watkins Glen concert attended by 600,000 to see The Band, The
     Allman Brothers Band, and The Grateful Dead.
   * 1976 - An earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 magnitude on the
     Richter scale flattens Tangshan, China, killing 242,769 and injuring
     164,851.
   * 1990 - Alberto Fujimori becomes president of Peru
   * 1995 - Network Solutions announces a new policy to help companies
     protect their trademarks on the Internet.
   * 1998 - Monica Lewinsky scandal: Ex-White House intern, Monica Lewinsky
     receives transactional immunity in exchange for her grand jury
     testimony concerning her relationship with US President Bill Clinton.

Births

   * 1678 - Antonio Vivaldi, composer
   * 1804 - Ludwig Feuerbach, philosopher (+ 1872)
   * 1866 - Beatrix Potter, author (+ 1943)
   * 1887 - Marcel Duchamp, painter (+ 1968)
   * 1902 - Karl Popper, philosopher of science
   * 1907 - Dolf Sternberger, publicist (+ 1989)
   * 1914 - Carmen Dragon, composer
   * 1915 - Frankie Yancovic, musician (+ 1998)
   * 1922 - Jacques Piccard, undersea explorer
   * 1927 - John Ashbery, poet
   * 1929 - Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, editor and wife of John F. Kennedy
     (+ 1994)
   * 1934 - Jacques d'Amboise, dancer, choreographer
   * 1936 - Garfield Sobers, cricketer
   * 1937 - Peter Duchin, pianist, bandleader
   * 1940 - Phil Proctor, comedian
   * 1943 - Bill Bradley, basketball player, former United States Senator
   * 1945 - Jim Davis, cartoonist
   * 1958 - Terry Fox, cancer activist, (+ 1981)
   * 1962 - Rachel Sweet, singer

Deaths

   * 1750 - Johann Sebastian Bach, composer
   * 1794 - Maximilien Robespierre, French Revolutionary leader
   * 1817 - Jane Austen, author, at Winchester, England
   * 1934 - Marie Dressler, Academy Award-winning actress
   * 1969 - Frank Loesser, composer

Holidays and observances

   * Faroe Islands - Ílavs¿ka Eve
   * Peru - Independence Day
   * San Marino - Fall of the Fascist Government

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